The Great Flood of 1889. Johnstown Flood National Memorial.
On May 31, 1889, a wall of water tore through the valley town of Johnstown, Pennsylvania, killing more than 2,000 people in minutes. It was the deadliest single-day loss of civilian life in U.S. history — until 9/11. This is the story of how the South Fork Dam failed, how the flood devastated an entire city, and how the American Red Cross stepped in.
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Sources
Sources:
The Johnstown Flood, by David McCullough (1968).
Johnstown Flood, film (1926).
“Statistics About the Great Disaster,” from the Johnstown Flood Museum.
“The Johnstown Flood of 1889,” from the Johnstown Flood Museum.
“Run for Your Lives! The Johnstown Flood of 1889,” by the National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior.
“Case Study: South Fork Dam (Pennsylvania, 1889),” by the Association of State Dam Safety Officials.
“The Great Johnstown Flood - May 31, 1889,” by the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission.